During the Three Kingdoms period, 马谡 (Mǎ Sù), a general of Shu, was fond of discussing military theories. 诸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) admired him, but Liu Bei thought Ma Su was prone to exaggeration and unfit for major responsibilities. When Wei’s Sima Yi and Zhang He attacked the strategic location of Jieting, Zhūgě Liàng appointed Ma Su to defend it. However, Ma Su was arrogant and rigidly followed military texts without adapting, leading to defeat. Zhūgě Liàng, heartbroken, had to execute Ma Su.

Summary

  • Idiom: 言过其实
  • Pinyin: yán guò qí shí
  • Literal Translation: words exceed reality
  • Extended Meaning: Describes speech that is exaggerated or overstates the actual situation or abilities.

Character Introduction

  • 马谡 (Mǎ Sù): A Shu general known for his theoretical knowledge but poor practical judgment, leading to a critical military defeat.
  • 诸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng): The famous strategist and chancellor of Shu, known for his wisdom and leadership.