During the Warring States period, Zhao Kuo was a general of Zhao state who excelled at military theory but lacked battlefield experience. He replaced the experienced general Lian Po and led the Zhao army in the Battle of Changping. His theoretical knowledge failed in practice, resulting in a devastating defeat for Zhao.

Summary

  • Idiom: 纸上谈兵
  • Pinyin: zhǐ shàng tán bīng
  • Literal Translation: discussing warfare on paper
  • Extended Meaning: Used to describe empty talk or theoretical discussion without practical experience or application.

Character Introduction

  • 赵括 (Zhào Kuò): A military general known more for his book knowledge than real battlefield experience, whose failure led to a catastrophic defeat.
  • 廉颇 (Lián Pō): An experienced and capable general whom Zhao Kuò replaced.